Grice's Paradox

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H.P. Grice mengamati ketegangan antara semantik formal dan pragmatik percakapan. Secara logis, "Kamu bisa minum teh atau kopi" (inclusive or) benar bahkan jika keduanya diminum. Namun dalam percakapan, kita mengimplikasikan pilihan eksklusif (exclusive or). Dari mana implikasi ini datang?

Grice mengembangkan teori conversational implicature: makna dalam percakapan ditentukan tidak hanya oleh semantik tapi juga oleh prinsip kooperatif (kuantitas, kualitas, relevansi, cara). "Atau" terasa eksklusif karena jika pembicara tahu keduanya diperbolehkan, ia seharusnya berkata "dan". Ini fondasi pragmatik linguistik modern.

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