Klein Paradox

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Oskar Klein (1929) menemukan menggunakan persamaan Dirac: ketika elektron menghantam penghalang potensial yang sangat tinggi (lebih dari 2m_e c²), koefisien transmisi mendekati 1 alih-alih mendekati 0. Semakin tinggi penghalang, semakin mudah ditembus — berlawanan dengan mekanika kuantum biasa.

Interpretasinya: potensial tinggi menciptakan pasangan elektron-positron di daerah penghalang. Positron mengalir keluar ke sisi kiri sementara elektron mengalir ke kanan — tampak sebagai transmisi sempurna. Ini bukan terowongan kuantum biasa (quantum tunneling) melainkan kreasi partikel. Klein Paradox menjadi fenomena fisik yang dapat didemonstrasikan dalam graphene, di mana elektron berperilaku relativistik.

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