Norton's Dome

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John Norton (2003) mendeskripsikan: kubah dengan profil h = (2/3g)r^(3/2). Bola diletakkan di puncak dalam keadaan diam. Persamaan gerak Newton memiliki dua solusi: (1) bola tetap diam selamanya, (2) bola mulai menggelinding pada waktu sembarang T > 0 tanpa penyebab eksternal apapun.

Ini menantang determinisme Laplacian: fisika Newton selama ini dianggap deterministik sempurna — kondisi awal menentukan masa depan secara unik. Norton's Dome menunjukkan bahwa fisika Newton memungkinkan indeterminisme dalam kasus patologis. Apakah ini berarti determinisme Newtonian salah, atau Norton's Dome bukan sistem fisik yang valid? Perdebatan aktif dalam filsafat fisika.

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